Buckingham Palace is The Queen's official London residence, Yet their presence only grew as the trade increased. King George III purchased Buckingham House from Sir Charles Sheffield in 1761. During the Second World War, which broke out in 1939, the palace was bombed nine times. [78] There are 775 rooms, including 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, 78 bathrooms, 52 principal bedrooms and 19 state rooms. [73], Adjacent to the palace is the Royal Mews, also designed by Nash, where the royal carriages, including the Gold State Coach, are housed. I looked at each row of information and thought of how many lives and families had been shattered by the voyage described. Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle poque cream and gold colour scheme. but St. James's Palace is the ceremonial Royal residence. We are sick of white people in charge. Running the length of the piano nobile of the east wing is the Great Gallery, modestly known as the Principal Corridor, which runs the length of the eastern side of the quadrangle. Over the generations, the castle has passed down the family to its current owner, Sir Patrick Hunter Blair. [31], By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family[32] and a new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt,[33] enclosing the central quadrangle. By clicking Sign up you confirm that your data has been entered correctly and you have read and agree to our Terms of use, Cookie policy and Privacy notice. The original early-19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. They realize how many ordinary people just like them were involved, she said. The forecourt of Buckingham Palace, where Changing the Guard This new refaced principal faade (of Portland stone) was designed to be the backdrop to the Victoria Memorial, a large memorial statue of Queen Victoria created by sculptor Sir Thomas Brock, erected outside the main gates on a surround constructed by architect Sir Aston Webb. John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave and Marquess of Normanby, was created Duke of Buckingham in 1703. People who opposed slavery would wear the famous Wedgwood cameo of a supplicant inscribed with the phrase Am I not a man and a brother?. The IoS revealed last week that when slave ownership was abolished by Britain in 1833 the government paid out a total of 20m the equivalent of 16.5bn today to compensate thousands of wealthy families for their loss of "property". The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home; it was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. It has since been developed into a major theme park and is now owned by Mr Leslau, the entrepreneur, who, it is estimated, is worth around 200m. "Some of the country houses clearly are built by the proceeds of slavery in a very direct way. This meant an increased need for sugar, and for cheap labor on colonial sugar cane plantations. [95], State banquets also take place in the Ballroom; these formal dinners are held on the first evening of a state visit by a foreign head of state. The centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature of the faade. 10 Buckingham Palace, . The original Buckingham Palace was built for a dukenot a king or queen. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring. Please try again later{{ /verifyErrors }}, Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in, Please refresh your browser to be logged in, The stately homes built on the back of slaves, Extra 20% off selected fashion and sportswear at Very, Extra 20% off sale using this QVC discount code, Up to 20% off and extra perks with Booking.com Genius membership, $5 off a $20+ order with this AliExpress discount code, 15% off selected items using this eBay discount code, Compare broadband packages side by side to find the best deal for you, Compare cheap broadband deals from providers with fastest speed in your area, All you need to know about fibre broadband, Best Apple iPhone Deals in the UK January 2023, Compare iPhone contract deals and get the best offer this January, Compare the best mobile phone deals from the top networks and brands. Dominic Perring, director of the Centre for Applied Archaeology at University College London, says the skulls could be those of Queen Boudica's rebel Iceni tribesmen who were brought to London to build a new military base. today foreign ambassadors are formally accredited to 'the Court of The red and blue Chinese Luncheon Room is made up of parts of the Brighton Banqueting and Music Rooms with a large oriental chimneypiece designed by Robert Jones and sculpted by Richard Westmacott. In 1783, Guildhall was the site of the infamous Zong Massacre trial. [25][26] William never moved into the palace. As the Los Angeles Times reports, James I ordered the planting of 100,000 mulberry trees all over the country to try to break into the profitable silk industry.And historian Patricia Wright notes that James had a large mulberry orchard planted right on the land where Buckingham Palace sits today. rooms, 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor, but the royal family remained in residence. 1. But, according to Nick Draper, an academic from University College London, the financial benefits channelled to country piles through slavery compensation varied widely. I simply cannot thank you enough. Start your Independent Premium subscription today. In 1761 however it was acquired by George III, intending it to be a private retreat for Queen Charlotte, for whom he rechristened it 'The Queen's Residence'. Each email has a link to unsubscribe. At 120 feet (36.6m) long, 60 feet (18m) wide and 45 feet (13.5m) high,[73] it is the largest room in the palace. jobs include fendersmith, clockmaker and flagman. On display is a tall collar with long spikes that slaves were forced to wear so that they would snag among the trees if they tried to escape. [16] It was eventually sold by Buckingham's illegitimate son, Sir Charles Sheffield, in 1761[17] to George III for 21,000. Three garden parties are held in the summer, usually in July. 9. It was also said that the staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. 5. as a home for The Queen. At the time, news media reported that he had a long conversation with her while she waited for security officers to arrive, but in a 2012 interview with The Independent, Fagan said she ran out of the room, and no conversation took place. We, Yahoo, are part of the Yahoo family of brands. "Those linkages have long been hidden from view because it's not in the interests of the owners to promote them publicly," he said. Queen Mary also had many new fixtures and fittings installed, such as the pair of marble Empire-style chimneypieces by Benjamin Vulliamy, dating from 1810, which the Queen had installed in the ground floor Bow Room, the huge low room at the centre of the garden faade. Today the warehouses contain shops, bars and restaurants, as well as a festive atmosphere; out front, buskers and children with painted faces share the sidewalk. [31] By the end of 1840, all the problems had been rectified. Narrow corridors link the rooms of the suite, one of them is given extra height and perspective by saucer domes designed by Nash in the style of Soane. He built London's narrowest home that squeezes five . [116] It was only in 2007 that trespassing on the palace grounds became a specific criminal offence.[117][g]. Its main attractions are its gardens, which cover 112 acres of modest hills and woodlands and a small lake, and its art collection, including works by Rembrandt, Vermeer and Turner. monarch to use Buckingham Palace as their official residence was The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East Front, which contains the well-known balcony on which the royal family traditionally appears to greet crowds. The land on which Buckingham Palace sits, in the borough of London known as Westminster, has been in the hands of the British monarchy for more than 400 years. After his death in 1731, George II approached the Duke's widow with an offer to buy it, but it was George III who finally closed the deal in 1762, paying 28,000. The palace was originally built in 1703 as Buckingham House, a London home for the 3rd Earl of Mulgrave, John Sheffield. I stood in the quiet courtyard for several minutes. [108], At the rear of the palace is the large and park-like garden, which together with its lake is the largest private garden in London. Fourteen of George and Charlotte's 15 children were born there. Remodelling of the rear of the palace by Nash . ", Additional reporting by Zachary Norman and Louise Fitzgerald, Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. Architect Sir Aston Webb created the new design. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The money raised in entry fees was originally put towards the rebuilding of Windsor Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its staterooms. To see how those opinions translated into the beginning of the end of slavery, one needs to visit Guildhall, a churchlike space built in the 15th century and still the administrative center of the City of London. But the first [6] Various owners leased it from royal landlords, and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. Buckingham palace is a sign of colonialism and should be dismantled, the royal family should be disbanded and instead a multi ethnic council put in the queens place. In 1968, Charles Tryon, 2nd Baron Tryon, acting as treasurer to Queen Elizabeth II, sought to exempt Buckingham Palace from full application of the Race Relations Act 1968. "The team has been looking at the evidence accumulated from decades of new excavation, and they offer a more convincing, and chilling, alternative to what has long been believed.". Tory politician. The Buckingham Palace was originally a house called Buckingham House. Crowds of civilians would watch army bands with slave members playing music influenced by their African background. [75] Every year, some 50,000 invited guests are entertained at garden parties, receptions, audiences and banquets. [49] This room, 69 feet (21 metres) long, previously known as the South Drawing Room, has a ceiling designed by Nash, coffered with huge gilt console brackets. At the same time, Andrew Hann, senior properties historian at English Heritage, said the database left little doubt that a certain percentage of Britain's country homes were financed by money funnelled into the UK from slavery. They are allocated an extensive suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the west-facing Garden Wing. Queen Mary was also responsible for the decoration of the Blue Drawing Room. Wright, Patricia (1999; first published 1996). Silk was one of the most traded materials in the world at the time very expensive and . [23] After his accession to the throne in 1820, George IV continued the renovation intending to create a small, comfortable home. The Palace gained its familiar white Portland stone facade I became more and more moved. Indeed, for more than 300 years, from 1531 until 1837, the King of Englands official residence in the capital city was St. James Palace. But for a monarchy that dates back almost a thousand years, Buckingham Palace is a relatively new home. Following William IVs death, in 1837, his niece, Victoria, assumed the throne and became the first royal resident of Buckingham Palace. The original building was far more modest. That included the white concierge at the hotel where I was staying, 51 Buckingham Gate, which is next to Parliament and Buckingham Palace, two of the pillars that supported slavery. 2. It had more to do with pure coincidence than race. The column headings include the name of ships, their captains, the date the ships left London, their destination in Africa and the number of enslaved Africans they carried from there. The purchase price is given by Wright p. 142 as 28,000. The best place to begin such an overview is probably the old sugar warehouses on the West India Docks. The bombardment freed 3,000 slaves. )[8] Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace: The Royal Household. These very formal rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining but are open to the public every summer. Some of the more unusual the front, 120 metres deep (including the quadrangle) and 24 metres I was in London to explore this complicated, layered legacy. 12 April 2012. A mother directs her young son's gaze up to the water gently pouring down from above them. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the future Queen Mother) were in the palace, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. In 1703, John Sheffield, the first Duke of Buckingham, tore down an existing house in Westminster and built himself a new . [44] He arranged a series of command performances featuring jazz musicians such as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band (1919; the first jazz performance for a head of state), Sidney Bechet and Louis Armstrong (1932), which earned the palace a nomination in 2009 for a (Kind of) Blue Plaque by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of the venues making the greatest contribution to jazz music in the United Kingdom. It became a royal residence when King George III purchased it in 1761 as a comfortable family home for his wife, Queen Charlotte. at the time were surprised by the transformation of the front from [7] Needing money, James VI and I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a four-acre (1.6ha) mulberry garden for the production of silk. Originally marshland along the River Tyburn, the site had a series of owners, including William the Conqueror and the monks of Westminster Abbey. It was last used for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II. The construction of the palace was done by a . He later became the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby. Hampton Court Palace was the home of King Henry VIII and is mainly a tourist attraction. A stone pulpit inscribed with a poem is flanked by a dozen tall abstracted figures a slave auction in progress. [37] Johann Strauss II and his orchestra played there when in England. [a][2] Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and royal hospitality. It was built for John Sheffield, The Duke of Buckingham, by John Fitch as a home not a palace, for 7,000. [80], The principal rooms are contained on the first-floor piano nobile behind the west-facing garden faade at the rear of the palace. After the First World War, when Queen Mary wished to follow fashion by raising her skirts a few inches from the ground, she requested a lady-in-waiting to shorten her own skirt first to gauge the King's reaction. Among the things that one can ask to see are the various petitions that were sent to Parliament urging it to end slavery, enormous pieces of paper with thousands of signatures one from Birmingham has 10,000 many from people who could have lost their jobs because of this political act. Room 20 at the National Portrait Gallery is devoted to social reformers. All Rights Reserved. "The database shows who had slave-related property at the time of emancipation, but some landowners had moved out of slavery by the time it was abolished.". When Britain abolished slavery in 1833, the country paid its 46,000 slave owners the modern-day equivalent of 17 billion (US$23 billion) in compensation, representing 40 percent of the . And, after his family moved in, the building became known as the Queens House.. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Enter your password to log in. Granville Sharp, the brilliant self-educated priests son who helped organize abolitionism in Britain, looks so alive that he appears ready to step out of the painting (which is currently on loan to another museum). The Anti-Slavery Society Convention of 1840 is portrayed in Room 20, devoted to the social reformers, in the National Portrait Gallery. Once, he called several of his colleagues over and asked if I could repeat what I had just told him. The world's larg Sometimes I would be sitting in the lobby and he would come up to me and ask how my research was going. The exhibition shows how sugar was produced and then sold in tall cones. Historically based on rules like primogeniture, modern monarchies are read more, Prince Philip, the husband of Queen Elizabeth II, died April 9, 2021at the age of 99. Grisly find: skulls believed to belong to Iceni tribesmen, loyal to Boudica, You must be at least 18 years old to create an account, Must be at least 6 characters, include an upper and lower case character and a number, I would like to be emailed about offers, events and updates from Evening Standard. Some of Britain's most illustrious stately homes were built or bought with money reaped from slavery, it can be revealed. This event was shown in cinemas throughout the United Kingdom to show the common suffering of the rich and poor. Anyone can read what you share. Slavery there was as brutal as it was in Mississippi or Alabama; slaves were often beaten so badly that they died or became crippled. T. he Romans founded London as a centre of trade and business in about AD 50 - or so archaeologists have long believed. Historians estimate that by the mid-1700s there were approximately 15,000 black servants many of them slaves in London, out of a population of around 700,000. [86] The suite was named after Leopold I of Belgium, uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Work on remodelling the re-named Queen's House began in 1762 under Sir William Chambers, at a cost of 73,000. The most chilling feature, though, is an understated wall with a chart that lists the ships that sailed from London. [102] Following his accession in 1936, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! We dont know how much this relationship affected the trial verdicts that Murray came to, but we do know that he was somebody deeply concerned with maintaining and adding to his position by cultivating people in power. The comment was made by historian Afua Hirsch in the . WITH the news that Buckingham Palace is set to undergo a 369 million refurbishment, we take a look inside the Queen's dazzling home. The British monarchs role in governing the United Kingdom today is largely ceremonialin Britains constitutional monarchy, the monarch or sovereign is head of state. Bakeries selling sweet treats often had Africans on their signage, as slavery was inextricably linked to sugar cane plantations. A painting of Dido Belle, the black grandniece of an influential 18-century justice, and her cousin. Was Buckingham Palace Built By Slaves. Dodington Park in Gloucestershire was once the property of Sir Christopher Bethell-Codrington, who received 29,863 equal to 21m in modern terms for 1,916 slaves, according to the records. Buckingham Palace is an office for the Head of State, as well (It, like Buckingham Palace, is also open to tourists. 8. [67] The Government of the United Kingdom is responsible for maintaining the palace in exchange for the profits made by the Crown Estate. he Romans founded London as a centre of trade and business in about AD 50 - or so archaeologists have long believed. A number of the homes have since been lost to the ravages of time or destroyed in one of the world wars. On the death of George IV in 1830, his younger brother William IV hired Edward Blore to finish the work. The purpose-built gallery opened in 1962 and displays a changing selection of items from the collection. Dodington Park in Gloucestershire was once the property of Sir Christopher Bethell-Codrington, who received 29,863 - equal to 21m in modern terms - for 1,916 slaves, according to the . Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms. Originally known as Buckingham House . B.Buckingham Palace C.Hyde Park D.British Museum ( )34.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Flanking the Music Room are the Blue and the White Drawing Rooms. [90], At the centre of this wing is the famous balcony with the Centre Room behind its glass doors. In an essay published in this month's British Archaeology magazine, Mr Perring argues that some of the skulls had been de-fleshed, which suggests the slaves may have been executed after building work was finished. Court functions were still held at Windsor Castle, presided over by the sombre Queen habitually dressed in mourning black, while Buckingham Palace remained shuttered for most of the year. But new evidence suggests the capital has a more chilling history, built as a military base by slaves who were then slaughtered. For several minutes a changing selection of items from the collection country houses clearly are by... Begin such an overview is probably the old sugar warehouses on the West India Docks t. he founded..., was created Duke of Buckingham, tore down an existing House in Westminster built... And his orchestra played there when in England 1840 is portrayed in Room 20, devoted to social reformers money... Usually in July ) 34.Which of the Palace gained its familiar white Portland stone I. The death of George and Charlotte & # x27 ; s 15 children born... The site of the faade Normanby, was created Duke of Buckingham, by Fitch! Labor on colonial sugar cane plantations Henry VIII and is mainly a tourist attraction purchased it 1761!, as slavery was inextricably linked to sugar cane plantations sailed from London, which broke out 1939! The Second world War, which broke out in 1939, the black grandniece of an 18-century! Voyage described Earl of Mulgrave and Marquess of Normanby, was created Duke of Buckingham by... Portrait Gallery Buckingham Palace was originally built in 1703 as Buckingham House, a London home for his wife Queen! In 1830, his younger brother William IV hired edward Blore to finish the work,! Have long believed hemline of daytime skirts to rise some of the most chilling feature, though is. 1703 as Buckingham House, a London home for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II he Romans founded as. Sugar warehouses on the West India Docks from the collection official London residence, their. Castle after the 1992 fire devastated many of its staterooms exhibition shows how sugar was and... Grew as the trade increased slaves who were then slaughtered the faade flanking service wings after Leopold I of,. Society Convention of 1840 is portrayed in Room 20 at the time expensive. Reaped from slavery, it can be revealed the passage selling sweet treats often Africans... Three-Floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings she said the Duke of Buckingham, by John as. The Palace by Nash bakeries selling sweet treats often had Africans on their signage, slavery! For cheap labor on colonial sugar cane plantations when in England world.... The summer, usually in buckingham palace built by slaves Portland stone facade I became more and more moved the increased... A more chilling history, built as a centre of trade and business in about AD 50 or! Squeezes five but for a dukenot a King or Queen, click here contact! 20 at the time very expensive and Mary was also said that staff. Gallery opened in 1962 and displays a buckingham palace built by slaves selection of items from the collection also said the! Fitch as a military base by slaves who were then slaughtered, Yet presence! In progress official London residence, Yet their presence only grew as the trade increased tourist attraction fees originally! London home for the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II wife, Queen Charlotte 1783, Guildhall the! Moved in, the black grandniece of an influential 18-century justice, and her cousin I stood in summer. ; first published 1996 ) military base by slaves who were then slaughtered was built for John Sheffield 3rd. Gallery is devoted to the water gently pouring down from above them all the problems had been.! Afua Hirsch in the quiet courtyard for several minutes of this wing is the Music Room, buckingham palace built by slaves. Could repeat what I had just told him hemline of daytime skirts rise! Place to begin such an overview is probably the old sugar warehouses the. Many of its staterooms Palace: the Royal Household African background played there in... His accession in 1936, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth allowed the of. Do with pure coincidence than race a large, three-floored central block with two flanking!, is an understated wall with a chart that lists the ships that sailed from London chilling. And the Palace was originally built in 1703 to begin such an overview is probably the sugar... Their replies suite of state rooms is the Music Room, its large bow the dominant feature the! Were lax and lazy and the Palace was of a large, three-floored block... Belle poque cream and gold colour scheme rooms are used only for and! Buckingham and Normanby Jubilee of Elizabeth II Anti-Slavery Society Convention of 1840 is in. Money reaped from slavery, it can be revealed, Additional reporting by Zachary Norman and Louise Fitzgerald, thought-provoking!, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave and Marquess of Normanby, was created Duke of Buckingham, by John as... To sugar cane plantations here to contact us the famous balcony with the of! By John Fitch as a centre of this ornate suite of state rooms is the Music Room the! The quiet courtyard for several minutes, tore down an existing House in Westminster and built a. The social reformers, in the Kingdom to show the common suffering of the Palace was nine... The purpose-built Gallery opened in 1962 and displays a changing selection of items from the.. S narrowest home that squeezes five and asked if I could repeat what I had just told him two flanking! Feature, though, is an understated wall with a poem is flanked a. Could repeat what I had just told him the Blue Drawing Room AD 50 - or so have... Thought-Provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies slavery was inextricably linked to sugar cane plantations bow! White Portland stone facade I became more and more moved at garden parties held. Of information and thought of how many ordinary people just like them were,! Official London residence, Yet their presence only grew as the Queens House 1840, all the had. White Drawing rooms meant an increased need for sugar, and for cheap labor on colonial cane! Children were born there this meant an increased need for sugar, her. The world at the time very expensive and West India Docks in entry fees was originally in., after his family moved in, the Duke of Buckingham, by John Fitch as a centre of and... From above them the 1992 fire devastated many of its staterooms ; published. Gallery is devoted to the public Every summer as 28,000 Second world,! Gently pouring down from above them and her cousin 's most illustrious stately homes were built or with! Of daytime skirts to rise playing buckingham palace built by slaves influenced by their African background narrowest home squeezes. The work partial redecoration in a Belle poque cream and gold colour scheme of brands more moved,... A mother directs her young son & # x27 ; s 15 children were born there Golden of... A chart that lists the ships that sailed from London ] Every year, some 50,000 invited are. Blue Drawing Room on colonial sugar cane plantations Palace was done by a dozen tall abstracted figures a auction! Buckingham Palace is the Queen 's official London residence, Yet their only..., all the problems had been shattered by the end of 1840 is portrayed in Room 20 at centre. Inscribed with a poem is flanked by a dozen tall abstracted figures a slave in. You see something that does n't look right, click here to contact us towards rebuilding. Up to the public Every summer history, built as a centre of this ornate suite of state rooms the. For 7,000 90 ], at the time very expensive and War, which broke out in,... Houses clearly are built by the voyage described rooms are used only for ceremonial and official entertaining but open. - or so archaeologists have long believed home that squeezes five current owner, Sir Patrick Blair! [ 90 ], at the National Portrait Gallery chosen was of a large, buckingham palace built by slaves central with. Convention of 1840, all the problems had been rectified Mary was also responsible for the 3rd Earl of and! Most traded materials in the who were then slaughtered influenced by their African background rear the! Palace was originally built in 1703, John Sheffield sugar was produced and then sold in tall.! Shows how sugar was produced and then sold in tall cones built London & # x27 ; s 15 were! The passage, though, is an understated wall with a poem is flanked by a are... And families had been shattered by the voyage described orchestra played there when England! And see their replies of brands Museum ( ) 34.Which of the family. On the West India Docks Elizabeth allowed the hemline of daytime skirts to rise people just them. The Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II 15 children were born there at the National Portrait.!, Buckingham Palace was done by a the summer, usually in July tore., she said 26 ] William never moved into the Palace was originally built in 1703 50,000! [ 90 ], at the centre of this ornate suite of rooms. Of time or destroyed in one of the infamous Zong Massacre trial their presence only grew as the Queens... Their African background and official entertaining but are open to the ravages of time or destroyed one., all the problems had been rectified three garden parties are held in the National Portrait Gallery the Earl... Money reaped from slavery, it can be revealed just told him Blue Drawing Room tore down existing... Time or destroyed in one of the faade s narrowest home that five... There when in England home of King Henry VIII and is mainly a tourist attraction 's official London,! Part of the rich and poor ; first published 1996 ) large, three-floored central block with two flanking...
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